Carolyn J. Anderson, Ph.D.


Professor

Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology

Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology

Faculty Member, Graduate Program in Biochemistry

Co-Director, Pathway in Imaging Sciences, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences

Contact Information

address

Washington University 

School of Medicine 

Division of Radiological Sciences

510 Kingshighway Blvd. 

Campus Box 8225  

St. Louis, MO 63110
phone (314)362-8427
fax (314)362-9940
email andersoncj@wustl.edu


 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Education

Academic Positions/Employment

Professional Societies and Memberships

Research Support

Peer-Reviewed Publications

Invited Publications

Research Interests

Educational Interests

Research Group

Alumni

Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences (DBBS)

Outside Interests

 

Education 

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Undergraduate: University of Wisconsin Superior, Superior, WI-B.S.-1985-Chemistry

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Graduate: Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL-Ph.D.-1990-Inorganic Chemistry

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1990-1992  Research Associate, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

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Academic Appointments

bullet1993-1999 Assistant Professor, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
bullet1996-2000 Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
bullet2000-  Associate Professor, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
bullet2001-  Associate Professor, Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
bullet2007- Professor, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

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Professional Societies and Memberships

The Society of Nuclear Medicine (1991-present)
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Radiopharmaceutical Science Council (RPSC)(1993-present)
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RPSC - Board of Directors (1997-1999; 2006-present)

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Sub-chair - Scientific Program Committee - 1996

The American Chemical Society (ACS) (1986-present)
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Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology - (1993-present)
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Education Committee (1995-1997);

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Alternate Councilor (1996-2000)

The American Association of Cancer Research (AACR) (1996-present)

Society of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (2001-present)
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Secretary/Treasurer: 2004-2005

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Radiopharmacology Section

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Secretary/Treasurer: 2001-2005

Society of Molecular Imaging (SMI)

(2001-present)

Academy of Molecular Imaging (AMI) (2004-2006)

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 Research Support

 
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Principal Investigator, NIH R01 CA093375 (Radiopharmaceuticals Based on Cross-Bridged Ligands), subcontract to UNH – E.H. Wong, P.I. 

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Principal Investigator, NIH R01 CA64475 (Labeling of Octreotide with Positron Emitters) 

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Principal Investigator, NIH K07 GM072931 (Curriculum for Imaging Sciences at Washington University)

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Co-Principal Investigator, NIH T90 DA022871 (21st Century Imaging Sciences: Undergraduate and Graduate Student Training), P. Stahl, P.I.

bullet Team Leader, 1 U01 HL080729-01 (Integrated Nanosystems for Imaging and Therapy), K. Wooley, P.I.
bullet Core Leader, NIH 1U54CA119342 (The Siteman Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence at Washington University), S. Wickline, P.I.

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Peer-reviewed Publications (Selected)

1 Wadas TJ, Anderson CJ. Labeling of TETA-and CB-TE2A-conjugated peptides with copper-64.  Nature Protocols, in press.
2 Sprague JE, Kitaura H, Zou W, Ye Y, Achilefu S, Weilbaecher KN, Teitelbaum SL, Anderson CJ.  Non-invasive Imaging of Osteoclasts in Parathyroid Hormone-Induced Osteolysis Using a 64Cu-labeled RGD Peptide, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2007; 48: 311-318.
3

Parry JJ, Eiblmaier M, Andrews R, Meyer LA, Higashikubo R, Anderson CJ, Rogers BE.  Characterization of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 Expression in Stably Transfected A-427 Human Cancer Cells.  Molecular Imaging, in press.
4

Sprague JE, Li WP, Liang K, Achilefu S, Anderson CJ. In vitro and in vivo investigation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in metastatic tumor models.  Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2006; 33:227-237.
5

Bryan JN, Jia F, Mohsin H, Sivaguru G, Miller WH, Anderson CJ, Henry CJ, Lewis MR. Comparative uptakes and biodistributions of internalizing versus non-internalizing copper-64 radioimmunoconjugates in cell and animal models of colon cancer. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2005; 32:851-858.
6 Woodin KS, Heroux KJ, Boswell CA, Wong EH, Weisman GR, Niu W, Tomellini SA, Anderson CJ, Zakharov LN, Rheingold AL.  Kinetic inertness and electrochemical behavior of Cu(II) tetraazamacrocyclic complexes: possible implications for in vivo stability.  European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2005; 23:4829-4833.
7 Shen X, Boswell CA, Wong EH, Weisman GR, Anderson CJ, Tomellini SA.  Investigation of Cu-Azamacrocyclic Complexes by HPLC. Biomedical Chromatography, 2006; 20:37-47.
8

Yoo J, Reichert DE, Kim JY, Anderson CJ, Welch MJ.  A potential Dubin-Johnson syndrome imaging agent: Synthesis, biodistribution, and microPET imaging.  Molecular Imaging, 2005; 4:18-29.
9 Boswell CA, McQuade P, Weisman GR, Wong EH, Anderson CJ.  Optimization of Labeling and Metabolite Analysis of Copper-64-Labeled Azamacrocyclic Chelators by Radio-LC-MS.  Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2005; 32:29-38.
10

Sprague JE, Peng Y, Sun X, Weisman GR, Wong EH, Achilefu S, Anderson CJ.  Preparation and Biological Evaluation of Copper-64-labeled Tyr3-octreotate using a Cross-Bridged Macrocyclic Chelator.  Clinical Cancer Research, 2004; 10:8674-8682.
11

Sun X, Kim J, Martell AE, Welch MJ, Anderson CJ. In Vivo Evaluation of Copper-64-Labeled Monoxo-Tetraazamacrocyclic Ligands.  Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2004; 8:1049-1057.
12 Bryan JN, Lewis MR, Henry CJ, Owen NK, Zhang J, Mohsin H, Jia F, Sivaguru G, and Anderson CJ, Development of a Two-Antibody Model for Evaluation of Copper-64 Radioimmunotherapy. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 2004; 2:82-90.
13 Niu W, Wong EH, Weisman GR, Peng Y, Anderson CJ, Zhakarov LN, Golen JA, Rheingold AL.  Structure and dynamic studies of the zinc and gallium complexes of dicarboxylate pendant-armed cross-bridged cyclen.  European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2004: 3310-3315.

14

 

 Boswell CA, Sun X, Niu W, Wong EH, Weisman GR, Rheingold AL, Anderson CJ. Comparative in vivo Stability of Copper-64-Labeled Cross-bridged and Conventional Tetraazamacrocyclic Complexes. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2004; 47:1465-1474.

15

 Sun X, Anderson CJ. Production and applications of Copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals.  Methods in Enzymology, 2004; 386:237-261.

16

 Li WP, Anderson CJ. Imaging matrix metalloproteinase expression in tumors. Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2003, 47:201-208.

17

 Wang M, Caruano AL, Lewis MR, Meyer LA, VanderWaal RP, Anderson CJ.  Subcellular localization of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs: implications for cancer therapy.  Cancer Research, 2003; 63:6864-6869.

18

Lewis MR, Wang M, Axworthy DB, Theodore LJ, Mallet RW, Fritzberg AR, Welch MJ, Anderson CJ. In Vivo Evaluation of Pre-targeted Copper-64 for Tumor Imaging and Therapy.   Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2003; 44:1284-1292.

19

Ye Y, Li WP, Anderson CJ, Kao J, Nikiforovich G, Achilefu S. Synthesis and characterization of a near-infrared optical scaffold.  Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003; 125:7766-7767.

20

Sun X, Wuest M, Kovacs Z, Sherry AD, Motekaitis R, Wang Z, Martell AE, Welch MJ, Anderson CJ. In Vivo Behavior of Copper-64-Labeled Methanephosphonate Tetraazamacrocyclic Ligands.  Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2003; 8:217-225.

21

Li WP, Lewis JS, Kim J, Bugaj JE, Erion JL, Johnson ML, Anderson CJ.  DOTA-D-Tyr1-Octreotate: a somatostatin analog for labeling with metal and halogen radionuclides for cancer imaging and therapy.  Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2002; 13:721-728.

22

Sun X, Wuest M, Weisman GR, Wong EH, Reed DP, Boswell CA, Motekaitis R, Martell AE, Welch MJ, Anderson CJ.  Radiolabeling and in vivo behavior of copper-64-labeled cross-bridged ligands.  Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2002; 45:469-477.

23

Edwards WB, Anderson CJ, Fields GB, Welch MJ. Evaluation of radiolabeled type IV collagen fragments as potential tumor imaging agents. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2001; 12:1057-1065.

24

Anderson CJ. Metabolism of radiometal-labeled proteins and peptides: what are the real radiopharmaceuticals in vivo? [editorial] Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, 2001; 16:451-455.

25

Lewis MR, Boswell CA, Laforest R, Buettner TL, Ye D, Connett JM, Anderson CJ. Conjugation of monoclonal antibodies with TETA using activated esters: biological comparison of 64Cu-TETA-1A3 with 64Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3. Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, 2001; 16:483-494.

26

 Lewis JS, Wang M, Laforest R, Wang F, Erion JL, Bugaj JE, Srinivasan A, Anderson CJ. Toxicity and dosimetry of 177Lu-DOTA-Y3-octreotate in a rat model. International Journal of Cancer, 94:873-877.

27

Duncan JR, Anderson CJ, Arano Y. Nuclear translocation of somatostatin analogs, Letter to the Editor, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2001; 42:529-530.

28

Anderson CJ, Dehdashti F, Cutler PD, Schwarz SW, Laforest R, Bass LA, Lewis JS, McCarthy DW. Copper-64-TETA-octreotide as a PET imaging agent for patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2001; 42:213-221.

29

Lewis JS, Laforest R, Lewis MR, Anderson CJ. Comparative dosimetry of copper-64 and yttrium-90-labeled somatostatin analogs in a tumor-bearing rat model. Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, 2000; 15:593-604.

30

Cutler CS, Wuest M, Anderson CJ, Reichert DE, Sun Y, Martell AE, Welch MJ. Labeling and In Vivo Evaluation of Novel Copper(II) Dioxotetraazamacrocyclic Complexes. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2000; 27:375-380.

31

Bass LA, Wang M, Welch MJ, Anderson CJ. In vivo transchelation of copper-64 from TETA-octreotide to superoxide dismutase in rat liver. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2000; 11:527-532.

32

Lewis JS, Lewis MR, Cutler PD, Srinivasan A, Schmidt MA, Schwarz SW, Morris MM, Miller JP, Anderson CJ. Radiotherapy and dosimetry of 64Cu-TETA-Tyr3-octreotate in a somatostatin receptor-positive tumor-bearing rat model. Clinical Cancer Research, 1999; 5:3608-3616.

33

Connett JM, Buettner TL, Anderson CJ. Maximum tolerated dose and large tumor radioimmunotherapy studies of 64Cu-labeled Mab 1A3 in a colon cancer model. Clinical Cancer Research, 1999; 5:3207s-3212s.

34

McCarthy DW, Bass LA, Cutler PD, Shefer RE, Klinkowstein RE, Herrero P, Lewis JS, Cutler CS, Anderson CJ, Welch MJ. High purity production and potential applications of copper-60 and copper-61. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 1999; 26:351-358.

35

Lewis JS, Lewis MR, Srinivasan A, Schmidt MA, Wang J, Anderson CJ. Comparison of four 64Cu-labeled somatostatin analogs in vitro and in a tumor-bearing rat model: evaluation of new derivatives for PET imaging and targeted radiotherapy. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1999; 42:1341-1347.

36

Cutler CS, Giron MC, Reichert DE, Snyder AZ, Herrero P, Anderson CJ, Quarless DA, Koch SA, Welch MJ. Evaluation of gallium-68 tris(2-Mercaptobenzyl)Amine: a complex with brain and myocardial uptake. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 1999; 26:305-316.

37

Lewis JS, Srinivasan, A, Schmidt, MA, Anderson CJ. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of 64Cu-TETA-Tyr3-octreotate. A new somatostatin analog with improved target tissue uptake. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 26: 267-273, 1999.

38

Anderson CJ, Jones LA, Bass LA, Sherman ELC, McCarthy DW, Cutler PD, Lanahan MV, Cristel ME, Lewis JS, Schwarz SW. Radiotherapy, toxicity and dosimetry of copper-64-labeled-TETA-octreotide in tumor-bearing rats. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 1998; 39:1944-1951.

39

Jones-Wilson TM, Deal KA, Anderson CJ, McCarthy DW, Kovacs Z, Motekaitis RJ, Sherry AD, Martell AE, Welch MJ. The in vivo behavior of copper-64-labeled azamacrocycle complexes. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 1998; 25:523-530.

40

Bass, LA, Lanahan, MV, Duncan JR, Erion JL, Srinivasan A, Schmidt MA, Anderson CJ. Identification of the soluble in vivo metabolites of Indium-111-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-D-Phe1-octreotide. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 1998; 9:192-200.

41

McCarthy DW, Shefer RE, Klinkowstein RE, Bass LA, Margenau WH, Cutler CS, Anderson CJ, Welch MJ. The efficient production of high specific activity 64Cu using a biomedical cyclotron. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 1997; 24:35-43.

42

Duncan JR, Stephenson MT, Wu HP, Anderson CJ. Indium-111-DTPA-Octreotide is delivered to pancreatic, tumor cell, renal and hepatocyte lysosomes. Cancer Research, 1997; 57:659-671.

43

Rogers BE, Anderson CJ, Connett JM, Guo LW, Edwards WB, Sherman ELC, Zinn KR, Welch MJ. Comparison of four bifunctional chelates for radiolabeling monoclonal antibodies with copper radioisotopes: biodistribution and metabolism. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 1996; 7:511-522.

44

Connett JM, Anderson CJ, Guo LW, Schwarz SW, Zinn KR, Rogers BE, Siegel BA, Philpott GW, Welch MJ. Radioimmunotherapy with a Cu-64 labeled monoclonal antibody: a comparison with Cu-67. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 1996; 93:6814-6818.

45

Sun Y, Anderson CJ, Pajeau TS, Reichert DE, Hancock RD, Motekaitis RJ, Martell AE, Welch MJ. Indium(III) and gallium(III) complexes of bis(aminoethanethiol) ligands with different denticities: stabilities, molecular modeling and in vivo behavior. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1996; 39:458-470.

46

Li Y, Martell AE, Hancock RD, Reibenspies JH, Anderson CJ, Welch MJ. N,N’-ethylendi-L-cysteine (EC) and its metal complexes: synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and equilibrium constants. Inorganic Chemistry, 1996; 35:404-414.

47

Cutler PD, Schwarz SW, Anderson CJ, Connett JM, Welch MJ, Philpott GW, Siegel BA. Dosimetry of 64Cu-labeled monoclonal antibody 1A3 as determined by PET imaging of the torso. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 1995; 36:2363-2371.

48

Anderson CJ, Pajeau TS, Edwards WB, Sherman ELC, Rogers BE, Welch MJ. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of copper-64-labeled octreotide conjugates. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 1995; 36:2315-2325.

49

Philpott GW, Schwarz SW, Anderson CJ, Dehdashti F, Connett JM, Zinn KR, Meares CF, Cutler PD, Welch MJ, Siegel BA. RadioimmunoPET: Detection of colorectal carcinoma by positron emission tomography with a 64Cu-labeled monoclonal antibody. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1995; 36:1818-1824.

50

Anderson CJ, Schwarz SW, Connett JM, Cutler PD, Guo LW, Germain CJ, Philpott GW Zinn KR, Greiner DP, Meares CF, Welch MJ. Preparation, biodistribution, and dosimetry of copper-64-labeled anti-colorectal carcinoma antibody (MAb) fragments 1A3-F(ab’)2. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1995; 36:850-858.
 

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Invited Publications (selected)

1

 Schwarz SW, Anderson CJ. Radiochemistry and Radiopharmacology.  In Nuclear Medicine Technology and Techniques, 6th Ed., DR Bernier, P Christian, JK Langan (eds), Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, in press.

2

 Anderson CJ.  Imaging matrix metalloproteinase expression: applications for cardiovascular imaging. In Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging, R.J. Gropler, D.K. Glover, A.J. Sinusas and H. Taegtmeyer (Eds), in press.

3

 Lewis JS, Anderson CJ.  Radiometal-labeled somatostatin analogues for applications in cancer imaging and therapy.  In Peptide Characterization and Application Protocols, G.B. Fields (Ed), in press.

4

 Wadas TJ, Wong EH, Weisman GR, Anderson CJ.  Copper chelation chemistry and its role in copper radiopharmaceuticals.  Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2007; 13:3-16.

5

 Li WP, Meyer LA, Anderson CJ.  Radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging of somatostatin receptor positive tumors.  Topics in Current Chemistry, 2005; 252:179-192.

  6

 Schwarz SW, Anderson CJ, Radiochemistry and Radiopharmacology.  In Nuclear Medicine Technology and Techniques, 5th Ed., DR Bernier, P Christian, JK Langan (eds), Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, 2003. pp 157-183.  

7

Piwnica-Worms, D., Luker, G.D., Anderson, C.J., Wahl, R.L.  Molecular Imaging in Oncology.  In: Molecular Nuclear Medicine: The Challenge from the Human Genome. Feinendegen, L.E., Shreeve, W.W. (editors), Ecomed Publ., Germany, 2003. pp 633-652.

8

Anderson CJ, Green MA, Fujibayashi Y.  Chemistry of Copper Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceutical Products.   In Handbook of Radiopharmaceuticals: Radiochemistry and Applications, MJ Welch and C. Redvanly (eds).  John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2003, pp 401-422.

9

Blankenberg FG, Eckelman WC, Strauss W, Welch MJ, Alavi A, Anderson CJ, Bacharach S, Blasberg RG, Graham MM, Weber W. Role of radionuclide imaging in trials of antiangiogenic therapy. Academic Radiology, 2000; 7:851-867.

10

Anderson CJ, Lewis JS. Radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radiotherapy of cancer. Expert Opinion in Therapeutic Patents, 2000; 10:1057-1069.

11

Anderson CJ, Welch MJ. Radiometal-labeled agents (non-technetium) for diagnostic imaging. Chemical Reviews, 1999; 99:2219-2234.

12

Cutler CS, Lewis JS, Anderson CJ. Utilization of Metabolic, Transport and Receptor-Mediated Processes to Deliver Agents for Cancer Diagnosis. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 1999; 37:189-212.

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Research Insterests

The major focus of our research is the development, evaluation and application of radiopharmaceuticals containing metal radionuclides for diagnostic imaging and targeted radiotherapy of cancer. We are particularly interested in 64Cu (T1/2 = 12.7 hours), in large part because it emits β+ particles for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and β- particles for radiotherapy. The agents we are studying are 64Cu-labeled bifunctional chelate-receptor ligand conjugates for imaging and therapy of various types of cancer. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone of which certain tumors have upregulated receptors. We are developing new radiolabeled bifunctional-chelator-peptide conjugates of these receptor ligands for PET and radiotherapy.  We are also interested in understanding the in vivo metabolism and in vitro subcellular metabolism of these agents. One aspect of these metabolism studies is the correlation of the nature of the bifunctional chelate and the radiometal to differences in the biodistribution of radiometal-chelate-biomolecule conjugates. With collaborators from the University of New Hampshire, we developed cross-bridged macrocyclic chelators for 64Cu that form highly stable complexes in animal models in vivo. The greater in vivo stability of 64Cu-labeled cross-bridged chelator somatostatin conjugates impart signficantly improved uptake in tumors with more rapid clearance from blood and liver compared to 64Cu-labeled somatostatin analogs with less stable chelators. Another major area of research in our lab is the development of imaging agents targeting the process of cancer metastasis.  Towards this goal we are investigating radiolabeled inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases and radiolabeled integrin ligands for imaging of tumors to predict metastatic potential and radiolabeled integrin ligands for targeting bone metastases.

Educational Interests

We are currently developing curriculum for a future Graduate Program in Imaging Sciences through NIH Roadmap Initiative funding.  Stay tuned for more information on upcoming courses on topics in the Imaging Sciences.

Research Group

Group Photo.
Left to right: Carolyn Anderson, Chris Sherman, Thad Wadas, Laura Meyer, Ashley Fiamengo, Martin Eiblmaier, Jeni Sprague, Michelle Marincel, and David Capretto

Jennifer Sprague (Graduate Student, MSTP program)

Ashley Fiamengo (Graduate Student, Chemistry Dept)

Thaddeus Wadas, Ph.D. (NIH/NCI Postdoctoral Fellow)

Laura A. Meyer (Staff Scientist)

Christopher Sherman (Sr. Research Technician)

Martin Eiblmaier (Research Assistant)

Monica Shokeen (Postdoctoral Researcher)

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Alumni

Donald T.T. Yapp, Ph.D. (Research Scientist II, Advanced Therapeutics, Vancouver, B.C.)

W. Barry Edwards, Ph.D. (Research Instructor, Washington University School of Medicine)

Laura A. Bass, Ph.D. (Pfizer Corp., St. Louis, MO)

Margaret V. Lanahan, M.S. (Pfizer Corp., St. Louis, MO)

Michael E. Cristel, M.S.

Michael R. Lewis, Ph.D. (Asst. Professor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO)

Jason S. Lewis, Ph.D. (Asst. Professor, Washington University School of Medicine)

Xiankai Sun, Ph.D. (Assistant Professor at UT-SW, Dallas, TX)

C. Andrew Boswell (Graduate Student, Chemical Biology) (Postdoctoral Fellow, NCI, Bethesda, MD)

Wenping Li, Ph.D.(Merck & Co., West Point, PA)

David A. Capretto (Graduate Research Asst. University of Chicago)

Outside Interests

Trout Lodge, Potosi, MO (11-05)

 

Carolyn and Barry at the Great Wall (May, 2005)